1/9/2024 0 Comments Pidgin english languageWar and the closure of the treaty ports following the Chinese civil war saw theĮnd of the linguistic ecology which had supported Chinese Pidgin English. Over time, a class of Chinese educated inĮnglish arose, reducing the need for Chinese Pidgin English. Time few Europeans spoke Chinese, and it was even forbidden for the Chinese to Heyday, Chinese Pidgin English was used for all kinds of contacts betweenĬhinese and Europeans in the treaty ports ( Bolton 2003, Zhang 2009). The Pidgin entries take the form of marginalĪnnotations above or below Standard English sentences, and are found in volumesĤ and 6 of the six-volume work. Valuable as it contains not only full sentences but stretches of dialogue suchĪs the glossed text given below. (i) the corpora of attestations in English language sources compiled by PhilipĢ003b), and (ii) Chinese language phrasebooks, notably Tong Leland (1876), but these are widely considered as unreliable). Presented by humorous verses purportedly in Chinese Pidgin English such as Words and phrases are represented using Chinese characters (a third source is Texts such as memoirs and travelogues, and (ii) phrasebooks in which Pidgin Its origin in the 18th century and its demise in the 20th, Chinese Pidgin English undoubtedly underwent substantial changesĭescription in this chapter focuses on the 19th century when Chinese Pidgin English was widely used in the China trade and in the treaty ports.Īre available from the China trade period: (i) Pidgin phrases cited in Western (Guangzhou), later Hong Kong and (from 1842) the treaty ports of Xiamen,įuzhou, Ningpo and Shanghai. Limited settings in which such trade was permitted: initially Whampoa and Canton Was used primarily between European traders and Chinese merchants in the Main substrate language, but there are also lexical items from Malay, Hindi and Scandinavian languages, as wellĪs Portuguese ( Bolton 2003: 180–85 and Appendix 4) see §10 on Chinese Pidgin English lexicon. Portuguese as the medium of communication ( Van Dyke 2005: 77). As the China trade developed, Pidgin English replaced The earliestĪttestations of Chinese Pidgin English show strong Portuguese influence ( Tryon Portuguese for cross-cultural communication ( Bawden 1996). Macanese phrases are represented in Chinese characters, attest to the use of Phrasebooks from Macau, in which Portuguese or Earlier Chinese-European contact in this area had At this time the China trade was developing, withīritish, other European and later American ships visiting Macau, Whampoa andĬanton (now Guangzhou). Sociohistorical backgroundĬhinese Pidgin English is first attested in around 1715 in reports from the Pearl Riverĭelta ( Morse 1926: v.1, 67). Presenting numerous problems of interpretation Historical importance it is poorly documented, with the available sources Chinese Pidgin English is effectively extinct and despite its Languages such as Hawai'i Creole and Melanesian Pidgin ( Tok Pisin,īislama). In Chinese Pidgin English, and the influence of the language extends to contact The term “pidgin” itself is first attested Chinese Pidgin English is one of the earliest
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